A focused interpretation of FAA Williams (2018) on whether a flight instructor can provide instrument training without occupying a pilot station.
Answer: The FAA interprets that, in the described scenario, instrument instruction may not be conducted when the instructor is not occupying a pilot station with access to the controls.
Can a CFI instruct from a jump seat?Can a CFII give instrument training without sitting at a pilot station?
A practical interpretation of FAA legal opinion on whether initial CFI applicants must receive training from a qualified senior CFI.
Answer: Initial CFI applicants must complete required training with a qualified senior CFI; prior or informal training cannot replace this requirement.
Who can train an initial CFI applicant?Does initial CFI training require a two-year CFI?
A structured reading of FAA Murphy (2008) addressing multiple independent regulatory questions without collapsing them into a single rule.
Answer: This LOI addresses multiple independent issues. Each conclusion applies only to its specific regulatory context and should not be generalized into a unified rule.
If I lost my medical can I log PIC?Can a CFI instruct without a medical?
A short guide to drafting instrument-related endorsements with cleaner scope, better record support, and fewer copy-paste errors.
Answer: Good instrument endorsement language is boring in the best way. It is narrow, explicit, and easy to justify. If the wording looks polished but the scope is fuzzy, it still needs work.
How should I write an instrument endorsement?What should an instrument training endorsement include?